HIV Drug Resistance in Adults Receiving Early vs. Delayed Antiretroviral Therapy: HPTN 052
Citation
Palumbo, P. J., Fogel, J. M., Hudelson, S. E., Wilson, E. A., Hart, S., Hovind, L., Piwowar-Manning, E., Wallis, C., Papathanasopoulos, M. A., Morgado, M. G., Saravanan, S., Tripathy, S., Eron, J. J., Gallant, J. E., McCauley, M., Gamble, T., Hosseinipour, M. C., Kumarasamy, N., Hakim, J. G., Pilotto, J. H., Kumwenda, J., Akelo, V., Godbole, S. V., Santos, B. R., Grinsztejn, B., Panchia, R., Caballero, A., Makhema, J., Badal-Faesen, S., Chen, Y. Q., Cohen, M. S., Eshleman, S. H., Palumbo PJ, Fogel JM, Hudelson SE, Wilson EA, Hart S, Hovind L, Piwowar-Manning E, Wallis C, Papathanasopoulos MA, Morgado MG, Saravanan S, Tripathy S, Eron JJ, Gallant JE, McCauley M, Gamble T, Hosseinipour MC, Kumarasamy N, Hakim JG, Pilotto JH, Kumwenda J, Akelo V, Godbole SV, Santos BR, Grinsztejn B, Panchia R, Caballero A, Makhema J, Badal-Faesen S, Chen YQ, Cohen MS, Eshleman SH. HIV Drug Resistance in Adults Receiving Early vs. Delayed Antiretroviral Therapy: HPTN 052. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2018, 77: 484-491. PMC5844834
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: We evaluated HIV drug resistance in adults who received early vs. delayed antiretroviral therapy (ART) in a multinational trial [HIV Prevention Trials Network (HPTN) 052, enrollment 2005-2010]. In HPTN 052, 1763 index participants were randomized to start ART at a CD4 cell count of 350-550 cells/mm (early ART arm) or 1000 copies/mL >24 weeks after ART initiation. Drug resistance testing was performed for pretreatment (baseline) and failure samples from participants with virologic failure. RESULTS: HIV genotyping results were obtained for 211/249 participants (128 early ART arm and 83 delayed ART arm) with virologic failure. Drug resistance was detected in 4.7% of participants at baseline; 35.5% had new resistance at failure. In univariate analysis, the frequency of new resistance at failure was lower among participants in the early ART arm (compared with delayed ART arm, P = 0.06; compared with delayed ART arm with ART initiation before May 2011, P = 0.032). In multivariate analysis, higher baseline viral load (P = 0.0008) and ART regimen (efavirenz/lamivudine/zidovudine compared with other regimens, P = 0.024) were independently associated with higher risk of new resistance at failure. CONCLUSIONS: In HPTN 052, the frequency of new drug resistance at virologic failure was lower in adults with early ART initiation. The main factor associated with reduced drug resistance with early ART was lower baseline viral load.